The Importance of a Correctly Fitted Bit
Choosing the Right Bit for Your Horse
When it comes to equine comfort and performance, the importance of a correctly fitted bit is often underestimated. Just like an ill-fitting saddle can cause pressure points, rubs and behavioural issues, an incorrectly fitted bit can result in discomfort, physical damage and a breakdown in communication between horse and rider.
Why Bit Fit Matters
A bit that is too short or too long for the horse’s mouth can cause painful rubs and cuts on both the inside and outside of the lips. Over time, this damage may become permanent, leading to scarring and heightened sensitivity. In addition to physical effects, poor bit fit often manifests as behavioural issues; think head tossing, rein snatching, reluctance to work from behind or even more extreme reactions like rearing or bolting.
It’s not just the length of the bit that matters. The overall shape and width of the mouthpiece play a crucial role in comfort. Contrary to traditional belief, a thicker bit isn’t necessarily a gentler one. A bulky mouthpiece can overcrowd the limited space in a horse’s mouth, placing undue pressure on the tongue and palate which may cause discomfort throughout the horse’s entire body.
Rethinking Bit Height: Beyond the 'Two Wrinkle Rule'
Many riders rely on the ‘two wrinkle rule’ positioning the bit so that two small wrinkles appear at the corners of their horse's mouth. However, modern bit fitters are moving away from this method. Instead, qualified professionals consider the unique internal anatomy of each horse's mouth to determine the optimal bit height. In fact, a poorly positioned bit can contribute to resistance, excessive mouthing and even issues in the horse’s ability to work through their back and hindquarters. Sadly, these signs are often misattributed or overlooked entirely when evaluating performance problems.
Why Consult a Qualified Bit Fitter?
Although a bit is a small piece of tack, bit fitting is a science in its own right. As with shoeing, dental work or saddle fitting, bit selection should be guided by an experienced professional. We would never dream of putting our own horse’s shoes on, filing their teeth or choosing a saddle alone, so why are we so comfortable giving a bit a try?
Expert Advice from Lucy Collins, Bit Fitting Specialist
"I’ve spent the last three years studying bit and bridle fitting, earning a distinction in the Neue Schule Certificate in Bits and Bitting Science, as well as advanced qualifications through the Horse Bit Fit Academy. I now run Forest Hill Bits & Bridles, offering tailored consultations to ensure every horse receives the right bit for their unique anatomy and training needs."
Lucy is a bit fitter and owner of Forest Hill Bits & Bridles based in Buckinghamshire. Her approach to fitting considers every aspect - from palate height and tongue thickness to lip flesh and bar sharpness - before making any recommendations. No two horses are the same, and the bit they require will vary accordingly. Many behavioural and performance issues stem from poor bit fit. Excessive salivation, head shaking, pulling or general resistance can all indicate discomfort that could be resolved with a better fitting bit and bridle setup.
The Science Behind Bit Fitting
Gillian Higgins, founder of Horses Inside Out, has combined her passion for horses with a deep, scientific exploration of equine anatomy to educate veterinarians, equine dentists, therapists and riders. Through her pioneering approach which often involves using anatomically painted horses to visually demonstrate internal structures, she aims to improve equine care by promoting a clear understanding of how the skeleton, muscles, fascia and circulatory systems are interconnected and how they influence a horse’s movement, posture and overall well-being.
A central focus of Gillian’s research is the anatomy of the horse’s head. She highlights that the tongue is one of the most cranial muscles in the body and forms part of a myofascial chain that runs along the horse’s topline, continuing all the way to the hind hooves. The tongue is connected to the hyoid apparatus - a delicate set of bones in the skull which links, via muscular and fascial structures, to the back and hind limbs. Consequently, excessive pressure on the tongue, such as from a poorly fitted or overly severe bit, can cause tension throughout the entire body. This tension may compromise the horse’s comfort, natural movement and behaviour ultimately empahsising why bridle and bit fit are key to your horse's welfare.
Images: Gillian Higgins, from Horses Inside Out – Illustrated Head Anatomy eBook
Bones of the Hyoid
The Hyoid apparatus is a group of bones and muscles within the horse's head that consists of five pairs of bones and many muscles. Some of the key components of the Hyoid apparatus are:
Temporal Bone – Acts as an anchor between the Hyoid apparatus and the Larynx.
Stylohyoid – the largest part of the Hyoid apparatus, the Stylohyoid articulates with the temporal bone.
Thyohyoid – Secures the Hyoid apparatus to the larynx.
Basilhyoid – attaches to the tongue.
Ceratohyoid – Connects the Basihyoid and the Stylohyoid.
Epihyoid – Connects with the Stylohyoid and Ceratohyoid to help support the tongue and surrounding structures. In some cases, the Epihyoid fuses with the Stylohyoid.
Lingual Process of the Basihyoid – This prominent protrusion is an extension of the Basihyoid and is a key feature of the Hyoid apparatus located within the root of the horse’s tongue and is integral in allowing the surrounding muscles to provide movement to the tongue and swallowing.
Did You Know?
- Tongue pressure can create tension throughout the body, affecting movement and comfort.
- Chomping at the bit is not a good sign. We’re aiming for a quiet, relaxed mouth. Excessive movement suggests discomfort caused by the bit or bridle.
- The horse’s palate contains two natural grooves used by qualified bit fitters to determine optimal bit placement. These anatomical features are not accounted for by the ‘two wrinkle rule’.
- A stronger bit or restrictive tack is rarely the answer for control issues like bolting or pulling. A professional fitting can often identify a more effective and comfortable solution.
- An ill-fitting bit can cause injuries like lesions to the tongue, lips and flesh in your horse's mouth.
The Role of a Bit and Bridle Fitting Consultant
Whenever you’re experiencing challenges with your horse’s behaviour or considering a bit change, consulting a qualified, insured bit and bridle fitter is essential. A hands-on assessment ensures both horse and rider are supported with attention given to:
- Equine anatomy
- Discipline-specific rules
- Rider experience and goals
A correctly fitted bit and bridle allow your horse to work in harmony with you - whether that’s collecting red ribbons, enjoying a beach gallop or hacking gently around the countryside.
Bit Types: How They Affect Comfort and Communication
Cheekpiece Designs and Their Effects
Hanging Cheek (Baucher)
Often misunderstood, the hanging cheek actually relieves poll pressure and allows the bit to sit slightly above the tongue - ideal for horses who dislike tongue pressure.
Loose Ring
This cheekpiece provides increased mobility, helping to discourage leaning or fixing. Ensure the bit is 0.25 - 0.5 inches wider than fixed cheek bits to avoid pinching.
D-Ring / Eggbutt
A fixed option offering more stability than a loose ring, perfect for horses who prefer a quieter bit or for novice riders developing an independent seat.
Universal
Highly adaptable, the universal bit can be used in multiple configurations. Rein placement alters the degree of poll pressure. Best used under professional guidance, especially when using double reins or a curb strap.
Full Cheek
Provides clear directional aids and is great for horses that need help with turning. Offers stability in the mouth, suitable for horses who dislike loose rings.
Pelham
Relieves tongue pressure and uses shanks to apply poll and curb pressure. Offers flexibility via double reins or roundings - ideal for varying control requirements.
Mouthpiece Designs and Their Influence
Lozenge
Double-jointed and oval in shape, the lozenge avoids the nutcracker effect. It offers moderate tongue and bar pressure with greater movement than single-jointed bits.
Barrel
Great for horses with low palates and thick tongues, the barrel provides even pressure and independent movement, reducing tongue pressure compared to lozenges.
Single Jointed
A traditional favourite with a nutcracker action - choose a curved version to reduce palate interference. Can be sharp for some horses, especially if not correctly fitted.
Tongue Port
Designed to relieve tongue pressure, but fitting is key. If too narrow or tall, it can cause more harm than good. Best used under the guidance of a professional.
Pairing Bits for Optimum Comfort Combination
Hanging cheek + Barrel |
Good for horses that do not react well to tongue pressure. Relieves poll pressure. Good for horses with a low palette and a thick tongue.
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Loose Ring + Single Jointed |
This bit is a great option for horses that may tend to lean on a fixed bit but are happy to take more of a moving contact. A good option for young horses. Ensure the bit is 0.25 – 0.5 of an inch bigger than any fixed ring bit you have previously used or try a sleeved option to avoid any pinching from the loose rings.
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D-Ring/Eggbutt + Single Jointed |
Poses no risk to catching fleshy lips unlike with a loose ring alternative. A good option for novice riders who are still developing their independent seat, provides more stability in the mouth than a loose ring and are good for horses who do not appreciate that level of movement.
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Why Buy Bits from Country & Stable?
At Country & Stable, we offer a wide selection of high-quality bits, including popular brands like Korsteel, Premier Equine and Shires Equestrian. Every horse is unique, and we’re proud to support riders with:
- Expert product advice from qualified bit-fitter Lucy via telephone or chat
- A comprehensive bit range to suit every discipline
- Convenient delivery and competitive pricing
Your horse deserves the same level of care in their bit fit as in their saddle or hoof care. Invest in their comfort because a happy mouth means a happier, healthier horse.
Anatomical photographs used by kind permission of Gillan Higgins. Exerts taken from her book 'Horse Head and Neck Anatomy'.